Efeito da utilização de Microrganismos eficazes (EM) na entomofauna de barreiras vegetais, compostas por Tithonia diversifolia, em sistema de agricultura orgânica de base familiar

Abstract

Efficient Microrganisms (EM) is an biological product formed by bactérias and fungi that can be colected in preserved áreas and can be cultivated with low cost. The objective of this technic is causa a positive benefit in the soil and plant through the direct or indirect action of the microrganisms. Tithonia diversifolia is an plant that can be used in multiple ways and one of that is to be component of plant barriers. The Multifunctionality of the elements that belong an agroecosystem is an key factor to understand the complex web of interactions and the dynamics through the time. The uso of EM and Margaridão in the plant barriers are common practices between the agroecological farmers in Campo Grande – MS. Starting with the importance of the knowlegment about the multifuncionality of the technics used in agroecological systems, this study has the objective to understand the impact of EM in the entomofauna of plant barriers composed by T. diversifolia.The work has been executed in an área of organic agriculture and the social and environmental dinamics has been considerated in the interpretation of the results. The work has been realized in Campo Grande – MS and was constituted by social and environmental questionary, interview by voice recording and na experiment compost by 8 points of collect, 4 for each tratament, separated in pairs, in 4 different áreas of the plant barrier. The first tratament consisted in an EM aplication in the plants followed by the instalation of the insect traps. That are 3 traps for each point of collect, 1 Pitfall, 1 Mcphail and 1 Moericke all adapted and with attractive substance inside. 48 hours after, the traps are removed with posterior storage in 70 alcool and identification in level of family. The collects were monthly made and occurred in January to June, with each month caracterized in the índex of temperature, relative umidity and rainfall. To interpret the results were used analysis of number of insects ,familys, diversity ( Shannon-Wiener and Simpson),índex of Sorensen,Pielou and the correlation with climate data. The work showed an possible relation between the use of EM and the grows of the number of insects and an balance in the flotation of families number. This effect looks to influence the ecological impact in an direct relationship with the índex of Pielou: If the índex was high, the diversity grows, if the índex is low the diversity decreases. Besides that, in the condiction of high population of ants, the EM seems to provoque an relactive balance. The social and environmental analysis shows that the farmer is in the third level of agroecological transition: The redesign of agroecossystem level. That condiction reforce the importance of multifuncionality in the EM use. That interference in the entomofauna dynamics can be used in the control of ecological disorders provoked by the management of local biodiversity.