Desenvolvimento e produtividade da Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg proveniente de mudas submetidas a diferentes substratos e níveis de sombreamento

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted in Campo Grande-MS, March 2008 to December 2010. The objective was to evaluate the development of the seedlings Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg. under three shading conditions and six substrates and the effects of these treatments on field development and production of species fruit. Experiment 1: Conducted from March 2008 to January 2009. Treatments were three levels of shading (0%, 30% and 50% shade) and six substrates [LVd (ta) - 100% soil clayey Oxisol; LVd (tm) - 100% of Oxisol soil Dystrophic medium texture; LVd (ta) + CF - 75% LVd (ta) + 15% + 10% sand bed - of - chicken semidecomposed; LVd (tm) + 75% of CF LVd (tm) + 15% Sand + 10% organosuper; LVd (ta) + OR - 75% LVd (ta) + 15% + 10% sand bed - of - chicken semidecomposed; LVd (tm) + OR -75% LVd ( tm) + 15% + 10% of sand organosuper)]. The experimental design was randomized blocks, arranged in splited parcels with measures repeated over time. We used three repetitions and ten plants per subparcel. Under 50% shading the leaf area ratio, specific leaf area and leaf length and width, were higher in full sun the stem diameter and root dry weight were higher. The highest plant height (31.71 cm) and dried pasta stem (1.98 g / plant) and leaves (5.62 g / plant) were on the substrate LVd (ta) without differ LVD (tm) and LVd (ta) + CF in height and LVd (ta) + CF and LVd (ta) + OR dry mass; LVd the substrate (ta) + CF was higher leaf area (659.61 cm ² / plant) and more leaves per plant (45.81), with no difference LVd (tm) + CF in number of leaves The highest percentages of live plants were found in substrates LVd (ta) (95.55%) and LVd (tm) (98.88 %) and lowest in the substrate LVd (tm) + OR (54.44%), the highest root dry weight (1.41 g root / kg soil) occurred in the substrate LVd (tm). The IQD was observed at higher substrate LVd (ta) without differ LVd (tm). The leaves of guavira showed antioxidant activity. Experiment 2. It was developed in the period February 2009 to December 2010. The treatments were the seedlings obtained in six different substrates Experiment 1, disregarding the shading. The experimental design was a randomized block design with repeated measures design with four replications and ten plants per plot. At 660 days after planting was made to harvest the fruit. In the first year of cultivation, the plants from the substrate LVd (ta) + CF were the highest, with average maximum of 47 cm to 300 days after planting and with more leaves. In the second year, there were no effects of different substrates. The average yield was 2.7 t ha-1 fruit, with TSS of 16.17 ° Brix. It was concluded that the guavira seedlings can be grown under shade (30% or 50%), using a mixture of soil clayey Oxisol; guavira leaves have antioxidant activity, the average productivity of fruit species in year 2010 was 2.71 t ha -1.