Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): etnoconhecimento guarani-kaiowá e atividades farmacológicas

Abstract

Zootherapy is a secular practice of the traditional Guarani-Kaiowá indigenous people in Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil. My people use the oil extracted from the larvae of the beetle Rynchophorus palmarum in the treatment and healing of skin wounds, and also in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory tract. Based on this ethnopharmacological knowledge, we investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and healing activities, as well as the toxicity of R. palmarum larvae oil (OLRP). For this, R. palmarum larvae were collected on palm mats of the species Syagrus romanzoffiana and used for oil extraction. The chemical composition of OLRP was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. An antioxidant activity of OLRP was determined through direct capture assays of DPPH radical and its antimicrobial activity was investigated by microdilution method against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cultured human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) were used to investigate the healing properties of OLRP as well as its cytotoxicity. Caenorhabditis elegans worms were incubated with OLRP for 24 and 48 hours to assess the in vivo toxicity. OLRP contains 52.2% of saturated fat and 47.4% of unsaturated fat, with its major constituents being palmitic acid (42.7%) and oleic acid (40%), respectively. OLRP displayed direct antioxidant activity, with an IC50 of 46.15 mg.ml-1. Antimicrobial activity assays showed that at 1% (v/v), OLRP did not show antibacterial activity. MRC-5 cells incubated with 0.5% OLRP showed a higher rate of cell migration, corroborating the topic use of OLRP in wound healing. OLRP did not affect the viability of MRC-5 cells and no toxic effects were noticed for C. elegans. Together, our results demonstrated that OLRP possesses antioxidant activity and potential to assist in the healing process. The absence of toxicity in in vitro and in vivo assays corroborates the safe use of oil in traditional Guarani-Kaiowá medicine.

Zooterapia ha’e ñepohanõ oiporumava ymaite guive Guarani – Kaiowá ko Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brasilpe. Che ramoi kuera oiporu ñandy oipe’ava mba’eraso kyrakuegui (Rynchophorus palmarum) omboguera haguã pire ai ha hu’u. Ha iporã rupi pohãrã ronepyrũore roikuaase ko mba’echa rupipa omoboguera ai, pire kuru omboguera ha nãnde pire ombopyahu, ha mba’epepa ikatu na’iporãi mbuku kyra R. palmarum (OLRP) avei. Upearã, mbuku rombyaty mbokaja Syagrus romanzoffiana matagui. Umĩagui roipe’a ikyrakue cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas rupi. OLRP atividade antioxidante rojapo ensaio de captura direta do radical DPPH rupi ha potencial antimicrobiano katu ha’e método de microdiluição em caldo roipuru bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas mba’asy ome’ẽva. Roipuru Fibroblastos de pulmão humano (MRC-5) em cultura roikuaa haguã umi propriedades cicatrizantes pe OLRP pegua rojapo ensaio de migração celular, ha citotoxicidade avei. Caenorhabditis elegans oñeincuba opaichagua concetrações pe OLRP, 24 ha 48 ara, rohecha haguã toxicidade in vivo. Análise química pe he’i OLRP oguereko ha 52,2% de ácidos graxos saturados ha 47,4% de ácidos graxos insaturados, hetaveva ácido palmítico (42,7%) upei ácido oleico (40%). OLRP oguereko atividade antioxidante direta, ome’ẽ IC50 de 46,15 mg/ml. OLRP atividade antimicrobiana no me’ẽi mba’eve pe concentração de 1% (v/v) roipuru akuepe. Umi células MRC-5 oñeincuba akue com 0,5% do OLRP hetave taxa de migração celular oguereko, omo michĩ pe área ojejapo akue célula oipe’a rire. OLRP ndojukairi umi células MRC-5 ha ni umi C. elegans. Ore rohechauka pe OLRP oguereko atividade antioxidante direta, ome’ẽ ojepuru processo de cicatrizaçãope ha ndoguerekoiri toxicidade modelo in vitro ha in vivo pe, upeixa rohechauka ome’ẽha jaiporu umi Guarani-Kaiowa mba’asy omboguera haguã.