Rotação e sucessão de culturas com ênfase em oleaginosas de outono-inverno em plantio direto

Abstract

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of rotation and succession planting on yield components of soybean, corn and oilseeds. The research was conducted at the Experimental Farm UFGD in Dourados / MS. In the first experiment : crop rotation and succession yield components of soybean experimental design was a randomized block design with nine treatments and four replicates for the growing seasons 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 . The treatments consisted of crop rotations in 2010/ 11: fallow, corn, corn + brachiaria , wheat , sunflower, oilseed radish , crambe , canola and niger . And in 2011/12: fallow , corn , corn + brachiaria , sunflower , wheat , canola, turnip and Niger . The height of plant, the first pod, number of pods per plant, yield and thousand grain weight. It can be concluded that the lack of rainfall in the 2011/2012 crop season caused lower plant height and average difference of 20 bags of the 2010 /2011 crop, oilseed crops and grasses in crop rotation system had no effect negatives about soy cultivation. In the second experiment : crop rotation and succession yield components of corn , the experimental design was a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and four replicates for the growing seasons 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 . The treatments consisted of crop rotations in 2010/ 11 and 2011/12: fallow, maize, wheat, sunflower, oilseed radish, crambe, canola and niger. Plant height and stem diameter, height, first ear diameter and ear length, number of grains per ear, yield and weight of thousand kernels were evaluated. According to the results obtained and the conditions under which the experiment was conducted, it can be concluded that the response of maize in relation to crop rotation depends on climatic conditions; sown after the niger, crambe, canola and sunflower corn has higher grain yield when weather conditions allow the plant to express their productive capacity; adverse weather conditions in the crop rotation does not affect the grain yield of maize. In the third experiment: crop rotation and succession yield components of oil, the experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 5 x 2 (five species of oil and two preceding crops) with four replications for the growing seasons 2011 and 2012 . Each treatment consists of oil: oil seed radish (Raphanus L. var Stivus oleiferus Metzg), crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hoechst), canola (Brassica napus L. var oleifera), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and niger (Guizotia abyssinica) . Oilseed crops were sown after the harvest of soybean and corn in the summer. The mass of plants, plant height , number of branches per plant, yield , thousand grain weight , protein content in grain and oil content were evaluated . It was concluded that all oil assessed against the oil content have potential for grain production for the biodiesel industry. The high-protein, higher than soybean enables the use of pie for use in feed composition feed. The low grain yields of oil obtained in this study make it impossible to recommendation thereof for production of biodiesel.