Desenvolver e caracterizar filmes biopoliméricos à base de farinha de bocaiuva (Acromonia aculeata) ou à base de polpa de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense)

Abstract

Biodegradable products that until recently were not considered essential by the population, today represent a high impact on the perception of society at the time of purchase. The marketing of products using sustainable packaging emerges as a marketing strategy, leading to the search for biodegradable polymers obtained from renewable natural sources. This strategy adds value to the product and contributes to the preservation of the environment. In this sense, the use of native fruit species from the Cerrado eg bocaiuva (Acromonia aculeata) and pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), besides being an option to use renewable sources for the development of different products, including films, contributes to the sustainable development of region. The first chapter presents a general introduction to work. The second chapter aimed to develop and characterize biodegradable films made from bocaiuva flour (Acromonia aculeata). The films obtained were homogeneous and easy to handle, with yellowish color and opacity. The properties of the films were statistically evaluated according to the response surface methodology. Among the ten concentrations studied, which presented an excellent result for the preparation of the films were 0.7g of glycerol 100g mL-1 of solution and 0.7g of clove essential oil 100g mL-1 of solution. In this condition, they presented more flexible films with less breaking stress. However, it was observed that the increase in the concentration of the plasticizer caused an increase in water vapor permeability, with desirable characteristics for application as an edible coating. The third chapter aimed to develop and characterize biodegradable films from the pequi pulp (Caryocar brasiliense) using gelatin and as a plasticizer glycerol and sorbitol. These films were characterized as to their properties and evaluated in relation to their decomposition in three different types of soil. The films made with pequi pulp showed homogeneous and a great tactile aspect, it was observed for the two treatments studied that the films made with 7.0g of gelatin and 1.5% of plasticizer (glycerol / sorbitol) promoted: greater deformation to the traction and less elongation. Therefore, its use in food products as a cover or packaging consumed with the product is an advantageous biodegradable product.