Desafios decoloniais à prática da agrigricultura orgânica no município de Dourados/MS face à hegemonia no uso de agroquímicos

Abstract

With the advent of the Green Revolution, a new world model of agriculture was installed, using pesticides as a key element. Thus, with this dissertation it was proposed to discuss the decolonial challenges to the practice of organic agriculture in the region of Dourados/MS in view of the hegemony in the use of agrochemicals, focusing on the identification of the challenges that permeate organic agriculture facing the hegemony of the use of pesticides, under the assumption that this hegemony is directly linked to the country's colonial heritage. In this way, organic farmers in the municipality continue to fight for access to land, decontamination of soil, water, food and the right to exercise an activity economical according to your choices. From the historical context of the county, erroneously categorized as a demographic void in the past, today it has large-scale agriculture as its main economic activity. In order for such an analysis to be carried out, the qualitative strategy of the case study was used as a methodology, characterized as a life story, with semi-structured interviews that took place in person and remotely due to the coronavirus pandemic. The information collected was offered by the research subjects themselves: small organic farmers in the municipality. The time frame was from the years 2019 and 2020, years in which we saw a dismantling of public policies aimed at family, agroecological and organic agriculture, followed by the largest wave of pesticide releases in the history of the country. From a multidisciplinary perspective, Theoretical references like Rachel Carson, Ana Maria Primavesi, Francis Chaboussi, among others, were used as a guide, highlighting that the use of pesticides is not essential for agricultural production and that it is possible to offer large quantities of food through other forms of production. with low impact in the environmental sphere. It was found that large-scale agriculture has been affecting small farmers who opted for another mode of agricultural production, mainly due to the drift of pesticides dispersed through wind are taken away from the target application área, even when spraying occurs at a low altitude. The coronavirus pandemic opened up a reality about the uncertainties related to the future, the unsustainable production mode of extensive agriculture, with the use of pesticides, can be seen as a future tragedy announced and that we may not have time to revert the already instability established.