Desempenho agronômico do niger em função de época de semeadura, adubação e arranjo de plantas

Abstract

In 2004, the Federal Government launched the National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB). This program aims to stimulate biodiesel production from several oil sources; so, throughout Brazil, initiatives of studies on biofuel take place. Besides soybeans, many other oilseeds that are still under evaluation and development of their supply chains can be utilized for biodiesel production. Among plant species with commercial potential for biodiesel production, niger (Guizotia abyssinica (Lf) Cass.) stands out as a promising source. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of sowing dates, fertilizer and plant arrangement in Niger development. The three surveys were conducted at the UFGD Experimental Farm of Agricultural Sciences, in Dourados, MS. Sowing seasons experiment was conducted during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons, using a randomized block experimental delineation with nine sowing dates and four replications. The fertilization experiment was conducted in 2014, using a randomized blocks experimental delineation, arranged in a 5x4 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of five sulfur doses (zero, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg ha-1) and four nitrogen doses (zero, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha -1) with four replications. Plant spacing and population experiment was carried out in 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. The experimental delineation adopted was with randomized blocks, arranged in a 3x3 factorial scheme, with three spacings between plants (0.20, 0.40 and 0.60 m) and three populations of plants per meter (8, 10 and 12 plants) totaling nine treatments with four replications. In the region under study, the preference for sowing season is between February and March, when targeting the dry mass production, and between April and May, when targeting grain, oil and protein yield. The addition of N and S does not interfere on Niger grains productivity. For Niger cultivation in the south of Mato Grosso do Sul, it is recommended to use spacings from 0.4 to 0.6 meters between lines and populations of 10 and 12 plants per meter.