Eita, é surdo: alguns estereótipos e estigmas acerca do sujeito surdo corporizados pelo discurso humorístico no YouTube

Abstract

The present work aims to analyze linguistically-discursively the process of subjectivation of the deaf subject in the humorous field, specifically in the humour videos Surdo no Subway and A única redação nota 1000 do Enem 2017 aired on the channel Desconfinados and Léo Lins on YouTube. Therefore, the constitution of stereotypes that are constructed mediaically and socially through the face of humor are analyzed in the two videos. The choice of the two videos are supported by the following research problem: how does the humorous discourse reproduce on/in the deaf body modes of subjectivation in the media device? The statements were obtained through transcriptions, under the aid of interpretive listening, and for the transcription of discursive, imagery and gestural utterances, the capture tool available in Windows is used, whose application consists of capturing moving images, called frames (AUMONT; MARIE, 2004). In this perspective, the research has as theoretical-methodological basis the Analysis of French Line Discourse, considering, in particular, the analytical categories proposed by Michel Foucault (1979, 2008, 2009, 2014a, 2014b, 2019), such as the notion of discourse, knowledge-power, discursive practice, devices, body and subjectivation, mainly problematizing the use of body, facial expression, imagery and linguistic devices in the resignification of discourses already said by society in the media field, specific in the YouTube video. We also use the analytical operators designed by Courtine (2011, 2013) and the semiotics thought by Santaella (2002) to analyze the corporeal, imagery and gestural elements stated in the videos. We deal with the theory of humor and laughter from Possenti (1998, 2002, 2018) and Bergson (1983). Finally, it is based on Cultural Studies and Deaf Studies, we promote the formation of identities, explaining concepts such as culture and deaf identity, deaf subject, such as Hall (2000), Strobel (2008) and Perlin (2016), as well as the issue of stereotypes and stigmas treated by Goffman (2004) and mention of the current law on the inclusion of the Deaf and Libras. The results show that, in the process of description and interpretation of libras linguistic utterances, inclusion process, abnormality, immorality, intellectual deficit and others, statements that constitute the practice of stereotypes composed in humorous discourse through the gestural, behavioral and institutional. These statements show that the role of humor is not only to show the representation of the ways of being deaf, but how these utterances constitute the subjectivity of the deaf subject, articulating to other knowledge (clinical, economic, educational, socioanthropological) in a principle of exclusion of discourse (knowing and not knowing how to interact in another language in different situations) and that they are naturalized as truths, including the way this subject is captured as a subject of identity (anthropological) from the linguistic and cultural marks that are historically situated within the institutions, the social and inclusive body.