Desempenho agronômico de milho e soja em diferentes sistemas de rotação de culturas

Abstract

The aim of this study was to study the agronomic performance of corn and soybeans in different crop rotation systems. The survey was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of UFGD, Dourados, MS and developed in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons. The first rotation in agronomic performance of corn crop experiment was managed in a randomized block design with ten treatments and three replications. The treatments were the previous crops: white oat (Avena sativa), turnip (Raphanus stivus L. var oleiferu.), crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis), vetch (Vicia villosa), crambe (Crambe abyssinica), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), niger (abyssinica Guizothia), canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and fallow. Plant height and stem diameter, the first ear height, diameter and length of ear, number of grains per ear, productivity and thousand grain weight were evaluated. In the season 2013/14 there was statistical difference for plant height, ear insertion, ear diameter, grains per ear, thousand grain weight and productivity. The highest yields were found for corn grown after Niger, oat, vetch, crambe, safflower, sunn hemp and turnip. In the season 2014/15 there was a significant difference only for productivity, higher yields were found to safflower, canola, turnip, wheat, oats and niger. The second experiment: Agronomic performance of soybean in different production systems, was managed in a randomized block design with thirteen treatments and four replications. Soybean was sown in October each year and the treatments were single maize (Zea mays), corn intercropping with Urochloa ruziziensis, ruziziensis Brachiaria single, canola (Brassica napus L), wheat (Triticum aestivum), turnip (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg.), oat (Avena sativa), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), niger (abyssinica Guizothia), crambe (Crambe abyssinica), (Crotalaria spectabilis), vetch (Vicia villosa) and fallow. At the time of harvest, plant height, first pod height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, thousand grain weight and productivity were evaluated. In the 2013/14 harvest only grain yield was significant. In the season 2014/15 the plant height and yield were significant. In both harvests soybeans grown after fallow had the lowest productivity of the experiment. Crop rotation positively influenced the productivity of corn and soybean in both harvests. The oil crops can be inserted in the production system without negative interference in major crops.