Análise da diversidade genética em Campomanesia adamantium por meio de marcadores microssatélites espécie-específicos e transferíveis

Abstract

The Cerrado is the second largest Brazilian biome, occupying 24% of the national territory and has a rich flora with 33% of endemic species. However, it is one of the most threatened biomes due to agricultural expansion, causing risks for native species. Among these, we can highlight Campomanesia adamantium O. Berg (Myrtaceae), which has potential for food, medicine and environmental importance for helping to restore degraded areas. Recognizing the deforestation that the Cerrado has been suffering and the importance of this species, it is relevant to develop researches that adds knowledge related to conservation aspects, however, there are few studies that characterize the genetic variability of Campomanesia adamantium. Molecular markers such as microsatellites are indicated for the analysis of genetic diversity, but they need the development of specific primers. In order to reduce cost and time, there is an alternative for transferring markers between related species. Therefore, the objective of this study wasto evaluate patterns of genetic diversity in populations of C. adamantium using transferable microsatellite markers from Eucalyptus sp. and species-specific microsatellite markers. Leaf samples from 124 subjects belonging to five populations of C. adamantium for analysis were collected and had their DNA extracted and quantified. Subsequently, the PCR was performed with microsatellite markers from Eucalyptus spp. and species-specific. The amplicons of the transferable microsatellites were subjected to capillary electrophoresis in an automatic sequencer ABI-3500 and the species-specific microsatellites evaluated in the Fragment Analyzer equipment. The analyses were performed using the GeneMapper (5.0) and PROSize Data Analysis (2.0) software, respectively. Both markers identified levels of genetic diversity in C. adamantium, however the species-specific markers were those that showed higher number of alleles and allelic richness. In addition, species-specific types exhibited higher levels of inbreeding compared to transferable markers. This mating method may be related to the scarcity of pollinating agents promoted by the extensive use of pesticides in agricultural areas where these plants were collected, also promoting vegetative reproduction of the species and inbreeding. Thereby, the use of transferable markers can hide relevant data such as those revealed in the present study and thus demonstrate that the use of species-specific types of markers are more suitable for analyzes of genetic diversity.