Institucionalização de políticas de controle à evasão em universidades federais brasileiras

Abstract

The elaboration of higher education policies faces with complex issues that dialectically found itself in the dialogue between actions and institutions. As one of the guidelines of the process of induction of national policy to the actions of universities, the student dropout is the highlighted, better understood in the context of the mentioned institutions as leaving the course or the institution. Although its occurrence includes diverse causes, there are measures that are important to formulate themselves in internal initiatives. The objective of the thesis consists of analyzing the institutionalization of control policies to dropout in Brazilian federal universities with a view to verifying how the formulation of proposals presented as an objective to the mechanisms of interpretation in national policies related to the phenomenon. The theoretical framework involves the use of discussion in the literature by Kezar (2007) and Kezar and Sam (2013), as they approach the process of institutionalization permeating the stages of mobilization, implementation and institutionalization. With this scope, problem researches are: How and with what evidence is outlined the problem of institutional policies to control dropout in the context of Brazilian universities? How internal mobilization constitute for the definition of institutional policies that aim at meeting the inductive requirements present in the national policy related to the reduction of dropout? The research is of a qualitative nature. Initially, carried out a document analysis in the Institutional Development Plan and in the Management Report of thirty-six federal universities selected by criteria of size, geographic location and Graduation Completion Rate. Subsequently, when identifying those that created their own dropout control programs, selected three of them to carry out an interview procedure with institutional managers related to the implementation of such actions, namely: UFVJM, UFRB and Unipampa. Also, carried out an interview with a professor linked to the UFG, who insert himself in the implementation of the inter-institutional project, and in partnership with the Ministry of Education, Artificial Intelligence to Aid Actions that Aim to Reduce Dropout in Higher Education. The results indicate that there is no effective institutionalization of policies to control dropout in the set of universities analyzed, although some of them are taking steps forward in the process. It is argued that managers, especially those linked to undergraduate education sectors, acquire a fundamental role for the mobilization that configures the institutionalization of internal policies aimed at controlling dropout, a process that is paradoxically liable to ruptures as the situation changes of managers. Even if the definitions of national policy, inductively, link the occurrence of the phenomenon to the receipt of resources by the universities. In this sense, the process of institutionalization of policies to control dropout is induced by the central managing body. In addition, its effectiveness depends on the actions of managers in the internal context, which indicates the need for its apprehension in the dialectic of the relationship between mobilization and local decisions and its configuration in the set of national policies formulated for the context of federal universities.