A Efetivação do acesso à pré-escola via privatização: desafios ao direito à educação

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the aspects of privatization in the actualization of the right to primary school education in the municipalities of Campo Grande and Dourados in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in view of the discussions on its mandatory offer by the State instituted by the Constitutional Amendment (EC) No. 59 of 2009 and its universalization scheduled for 2016. The study has as specific objectives: a) to contextualize the right to education as stated by the Federal Constitution of 1988, regarding the expansion of compulsory education in primary school; b) to identify the strategies used by the Municipal Secretariats of Education of the municipalities of Campo Grande and Dourados, especially the partnerships with the private sector to guarantee access to primary school; c) to analyze the forms of privatization of the educational offer in the municipalities of Campo Grande and Dourados in the light of the literature on the subject. It is a documentary and field research, of quanti-qualitative nature, developed through a set of methodological procedures that involve the bibliographic review, document analysis and semi-structured interview carried out with the employees of the Municipal Secretariats of Education. The results of the research indicate the existence of autonomy in management at the local level for the implementation of an educational policy, showing that the two municipalities adopted different strategies to meet the child's right to a place in primary school. Based on the interviews and the documentary analysis, the municipality's autonomy to carry out Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) and the strengthening of the privatization process in guaranteeing access to primary school education are evident, sharing with private educational institutions the responsibility for the realization of this right. A lack of equality was identified in the teaching conditions established in the agreements and those determined in Federal Constitution of 1988 and in the infraconstitutional laws regarding the food, the didactic material and the uniform guaranteed in the public school, interfering in the permanence of the children in the affiliated institutions. In both municipalities, the lack of infrastructure to serve all children in primary school is the greatest difficulty to universalize this phase of early childhood education. In the same way, it was evidenced that the PPP carried out by SEMED of Campo Grande to universalize primary school education is similar to the model of charter schools, since parents have the possibility to choose, among the associated schools and without the interference of the SEMED, the school in which their children are going to study, with the amount paid monthly by the municipality directly to the agreement with Fundeb resources. It is possible to infer that both the municipality of Campo Grande and the municipality of Dourados were unable to universalize access to primary school education in the public school system, with PPPs and transferring enrollments from full primary school to parttime education in the public school system, the most used strategies to achieve PNE Goal No. 1 (2014-2024) and fulfill its legal obligation as determined by the EC. 59 of 2009.