Avaliação da segurança do extrato aquoso obtido da casca de Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel: da toxicidade aguda a disrupção endócrina

Abstract

Popularly known as “jaboticaba” or “jabuticaba”, a Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel (Myrtaceae) and a fruit appreciated both for fresh consumption and for the production of jellies, juices and liqueurs. Its most widespread traditional use involves the treatment of diarrhea, which takes advantage of all parts of the plant, including the fruit peels. The study aimed to elucidate the possible risks of administering an ethanol-soluble fraction obtained from the infusion of P. cauliflora fruit peels (SEIPC). For this, a series of experiments were carried out to evaluate a possible toxicity of SEIPC, in which it was administered orally, acutely and repeatedly for 28 days. Also evaluated the possible endocrine disrupting and genotoxic effects on eukaryotic cells through comet and micronucleus assays. SEIPC was produced and chemically prepared by LC-DAD-MS. Acute toxicity and how behavioral and physiological changes were evaluated in the modified Irwin test. After 28 days of oral treatment, parameters such as respiratory rate, arterial blood gases, electrocardiography, respiratory and heart rates, blood pressure, hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses were obtained. The comet assay, the micronucleus test, the uterotrophic test, the Hershberger bioassay, and the AMES test were performed using external links. Phenolic acids such as gallic acid and ellagic acid and derivatives, flavonols and anthocyanidins, as well as citric acid were identified from the ethanolic supernatant of the infusion of Plinia cauliflora by LC-DAD-MS. After both acute and prolonged treatments, the present study found that SEIPC did not cause significant changes in several body systems, including electrical activity, body temperature, respiratory rate and blood pressure. Furthermore, no changes in biochemical, hematological or blood gas parameters were observed. It was also possible to verify that SEIPC did not cause any disturbances in the endocrine system or mutagenic, cytotoxic or genotoxic effects. These findings support the safe use of P. cauliflora.