Atributos físicos do solo no consórcio de milho com forrageira e a produção soja em sucessão

Abstract

The main obstacles of the production system in Cerrado areas are related to monocultures, few soil cover with vegetal residues and the occurrence of summer. In these regions due to the presence of high temperatures and high rainfall at certain times of the year, associated with biological activity, accelerates the process of decomposition of the straw, allowing much of the soil to be uncovered. On the other hand, intercropping systems that increase the amount of mulch on the soil cause improvements in the soil structuring process due to increased soil organic matter and biological activity, reduced soil compaction, increased water infiltration and cycling. of nutrients, among others. In this context, it was planned to evaluate the effect of intercropping maize with forage species on the quality of a dystroferric Red Latosol on soybean yield in succession. The experiment was implemented in 2014 and cultivated to the present day. The evaluations were carried out between 2016 and 2018 in the city of Dourados, MS, at the UFGD experimental farm. Eleven treatments were used: single corn; Urochloa brizantha cv. Single Marandu; corn intercropped with U. brizantha cv. Marandu; Panicum maximum cv. Single mombasa; corn intercropped with Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa; U. brizantha cv. BRS Single Piatan; corn intercropped with U. brizantha cv. BRS Piatã; U. ruziziensis cv. Ruzizienses single; corn intercropped with U. ruziziensis cv. Ruzizienses; U. brizantha cv. Single shawls; corn intercropped with U. brizantha cv. Xaraés. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0.00-0.10 and 0.10- 0.20 m and were evaluated: soil density, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity, penetration resistance, organic matter and aggregate stability. The soybean determinations were: number of pods per plant, mass one thousand grains and grain yield. The managements promoted increased penetration resistance and soil density, but did not restrict soybean crop development and yield. The diversity of plant species promoted greater aggregate stability, improving soil structure. Single and intercropping forage cultivation systems have the highest soybean yields.