Diversidade de abelhas nos parques urbanos de Dourados - MS

Abstract

Urbanization is one of the factors that cause processes of major transformations in the natural environment. Such transformations result, mainly, in biodiversity loss, both animal and plant species that originally occurred at a particular site. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity of bees, as well as, their relationship with the plant species collected at some Municipal Parks in the city of Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul. Fortnightly samplings were carried out in each park, using entomological nets in order to collect bees, and also exsiccates for plant identifications. Samplings were carried out from June 2019 to August 2020. At the Arnulpho Fioravante Municipal Park, a total of 1,944 individuals were sampled, distributed in 4 families of bees, represented by 24 genera and 34 species that visited 21 different species of plants in flowering process throughout the evaluation period. The genera with more than 100 individuals sampled were: Apis with (38.48%), Trigona (28.45%), Tetragona (7.09%), and Paratrigona (5.24 %). Among the 21 flowering plant species, those that received the highest number of visits were: Stachytarpheta cayennensis (9.31%), Senna hirsuta (8.98%), Tecoma stans (8.33%), Sidastrum micranthum (7.35%), Ipomea pistil (7.18%). The network of interactions consisted of 55 species, being 34 bee species visiting 21 plant species. At the Municipal Park Antenor Martins, a total of 1,959 individuals were collected, distributed into 5 families, which were represented by 22 genera and 30 species that visited 23 different plant species. The genera with over 100 sampled individuals were: Apis with (39.25%), Trigona (36.49%), and Tetragona (6.68%). Among the 23 plant species, those receiving the highest number of visits were: Tridax procumbens (9.21%), Vernonia polyanthes (8.87%), Schinus terebinthifolius (8.36%), Callistemon viminalis (7.33%), and Ipomea pistula (6.99%). At this park, it was found a total of 53 species comprising the networking of interactions, in which 30 species of bees were recorded visiting 23 species of plants. The families Apidae, Halictidae, Colletidae, and Megachilidae were common to both parks, whereas the Andrenidae family was registered only at the Municipal Park Antenor Martins. The most abundant genera (over 1000 individuals) for the 2 parks together were: Apis (38.86%), Trigona with (32.48%), while the genera with less than 300 records were Tetragona (6.89%), and Augochlora (4.48%). The interrelationships between different species of bees in parks indicate a unique ecological habit that can only be maintained in size and quality by the existence and protection of urban parks. Thus, we assume that parks provide a significant functional area for the maintenance of bee populations. More studies are still needed.