Efeitos do extrato aquoso de moringa oleífera (Moringa oleífera Lam.) sobre os parâmetros de fermentação ruminal “in vitro”

Abstract

In recent years, ruminant nutritionists have grown interested in replacing commercial ionophores with plant-derived additives (or extracts). These additives are made up of several bioactive components from the secondary metabolism of plants, which in most cases have antimicrobial action. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effects of different doses of aqueous extract of moringa EAM (Moringa oleífera Lam.) associated with different forage:concentrate ratios in substitution of sodium lasalocid, on the following parameters of in vitro ruminal fermentation: pH, CH4 methane production (%), N-NH3 ammonia nitrogen (mg/dl) and DEGMS dry matter degradability (%). A randomized block design was used in a 4x3x6+1 factorial arrangement, with four doses of moringa (0; 2; 4 and 6µl) as the main factor, three forage:concentrate ratios (80:20; 50:50 and 20:80 ) as a secondary factor, six incubation times (0; 3; 6; 12; 24 and 48 hours) as a tertiary factor and an additional treatment (LAS; 0.00016g of lasalocide sodium). test tube (16x150mm) containing 100mg of substrate with their respective levels of roughage: concentrate, EAM and lasalocide, and 10ml of inoculum (2ml of ruminal fluid and 8ml of buffer solution). This process was repeated in five different runs in a water bath at 39°C, where each run represented a block. The effects of doses, forage:concentrate ratio and incubation times were verified through analysis of variance with the aid of the R software, respecting the significant interactions that could exist between the factors at 5% probability. From the 6th hour of incubation, sodium lasalocide together with the 0µl dose of EAM increased DEGMS compared to the other treatments (P<0.05). There was a negative quadratic effect of incubation times within the 0µl EAM and LAS treatments, while at the 6µl EAM dose, there was a decreasing linear effect of time on DEGMS. N-NH3 values did not differ between EAM and LAS doses. However, within the different roughage:concentrate ratios, the ADE doses resulted in different values of N-NH3. The incubation time did not influence the N-NH3 values. The pH showed a quadratic effect (negative or positive) as a function of incubation time. Methane did not differ between EAM and LAS doses, and the different roughage:concentrate ratios (P>0.05). In this study, moringa doses did not replace sodium lasalocide, as they reduced dry matter degradability and ammoniacal nitrogen production.