Sistemas de manejo do solo e níveis de palhiço: decomposição e liberação de nutrientes, qualidade biológica do solo, nutrição e produção de cana-de-açúcar

Abstract

With the adoption of conservationist sugarcane crops with mechanized cultivation practices and the use of mechanized harvesting, the maintenance of soil cultivation no longer becomes palpable. The amount of pallor still remains in the field is still considerable occasionally, due to the effects that the removal or not soil, mainly regarding the processes of decomposition and nutrient release, without minimal crop profitability. Therefore, this study was carried out in the experimental area of Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste in partnership with Usina São Fernando in the municipality of Dourados-MS, in a Distroferric Red Latosol, with a very clayey texture. The experimental design was randomized, with four series, in a split-plot scheme. As plots, they were composed by no-tillage and conventional tillage, as subplots by remaining levels of straw: 0, 50 and 100%, and as subplots by mechanical scarification (with and without scarification between the rows). Harvest bags were installed containing pre-defined packages of a crop, known as garbage, in the crops evaluated with 50 and 100% maintenance for the contents and plots of mass and macronutrients harvest at the harvest of a harvest, totaling 11 last collections. As well as the monitoring of the C/N, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin ratio of the straw in 6 collections during the 2018/19 harvest. The estimates of microbial biomass and edaphic fauna were carried out at 4 different times. The maintenance of 100% straw for the benefit of the biomass field (CBMS), greater abundance of macrofauna organisms, degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, greater decomposition of straw and release of nutrients. The productivity of sugar (TCH) and sugar (TAH) were also in the planting area with 100% straw without chiseling, indicating that conventional tillage and chiseling are not superior under similar direct soil and climate conditions.