Políticas públicas e normas jurídicas aplicáveis ao direito à alimentação agroecológica: uma análise no Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul e município de Dourados/MS

Abstract

The human right to adequate food originated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and has been building and consolidating over time. Therefore, it is the duty of the State to guarantee the conditions for this right to become effective insofar as it implements public policies that aim to facilitate access to a quantitatively sufficient and healthy food, taking into account environmental protection. In this context, the agroecological production of food that fits the culture of the community is inserted, while seeking to be socially just and economically viable, thus providing a sustainable agro-ecosystem. The objective of this work was to identify the mapping of public policies applicable to the right to agroecological food in Brazil, state of Mato Grosso do Sul and in the municipality of Dourados / MS, seeking to understand the activities of the National Policy for Food and Nutrition Security (PNSAN) , as well as understand the actions that seek the realization of the right to adequate food. For the preparation of this work, the research methodology used was the literature review on the topic; the analysis of qualitative data and also the conduct of open and semi-structured interviews on the subject. The interviews were conducted with the president of the Municipal and Food and Nutritional Security Council of Dourados / MS (COMSEA-Dourados); with a former COMSEA-Dourados secretary; with the executive secretary of the Intersectorial Chamber of Food and Nutritional Security of Mato Grosso do Sul (CAISAN-MS); with a researcher in Public Health of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) of the Technical Office of Mato Grosso do Sul and an agroecological producer of the Association of Organic Producers of Mato Grosso do Sul (APOMS). The human right to adequate food is part of the discussions on socio-environmental law, from the perspective of promoting and protecting the ecologically balanced environment, as a fundamental right of the generations of the present and the future. Public policy is comprehensive and is not limited to laws and rules; it is an intentional action, with objectives to be achieved; it is a long-term policy, although it has impacts in the short term; and it also involves subsequent processes after its decision and proposal, that is, it also implies implementation, execution and evaluation. In the current context, there is a disruption of the Food and Nutritional Security System, which causes a destabilization of policies, programs and actions to guarantee food and nutritional security that were underway at the national level and that supported the system in the states and counties. The agroecology and organic production policies are the result of the execution of PNSAN. The perspective of agroecology proposes respect for biodiversity, food culture, and social justice, that is, they reaffirm respect the environmental, economic and socio-cultural specificities, opposing the homogenizing perspective that monoculture imposes as an agricultural model. The activities of the National Food Security Policy in the city of Dourados / MS need greater popular support and greater commitment from the government sector so that the maintenance of the achievements achieved in the area of food and nutrition security is guaranteed and they are able to have local visibility. The agroecological diet in Dourados / MS is advancing and gaining its space for local visibility, through agreements with local universities, the promotion of agroecological fairs and the increase of local production.