Enfisema lobar congênito: relato de caso

Abstract

Congenital pulmonary emphysema (CPE) is a rare disease, with an incidence of 1:20-30 thousand births, it is more common in men than in women's, at a ratio of 3:1 and its etiology remains unknown. A third of cases are symptomatic at birth and virtually all are diagnosed within the first six months of life. Case Report: A male infant developed early respiratory distress and cyanosis and was referred to the intensive care unit. After performing a computed tomography scan, signs of pulmonary hyperinflation in the right upper lobe were observed, leading to a shift of the mediastal structures to the left. The appearance may correspond to congenital pulmonary hyperinflation/congenital lobar emphysema, thus, the diagnosis of EPC, therefore, the surgical indication. Right thoracotomy and right upper lobectomy were performed. The patient showed clinical improvement and has remained asymptomatic for two years with good ventilatory function. Conclusion: EPC is a rare and serious pathology, it should be suspected in NB and Infants with respiratory distress, giving importance to the various possible differential diagnoses. Despite the uncertain etiology, it is easy to diagnose and has options for clinical and surgical management, achieving good functional results, especially in the long term.