Crescimento e produtividade agroeconômica de mandioquinha-salsa em resposta à adição de cama-de-frango no solo

Abstract

The experiment had place at the Garden of Medicinal Plants from University of Grande Dourados – UFGD, from April 2011 to January 2012. The objective was to evaluate the shoot growth, the agricultural economic yield as well the post-harvest storage period for roots and shoots from Peruvian carrot 'Yellow of Carandaí ', in response to different doses and addition methods of broiler manure on the soil. Treatments were defined using the Plan Puebla III experimental matrix, resulting the following combinations among doses (ton ha-1) and addition methods: 6 surface applied (SA) / 6 incorporated to the soil (IS); 14 SA / 6 IS; 6 SA / 14 IS; 14 SA / 14 IS; 10 SA / 10 IS; 1 SA / 6 IS; 19 SA / 14 IS; 6 SA / 1 IS and 14 SA / 19 IS. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. Plants height, stem diameters, number of leaves and chlorophyll contents were not significantly influenced by the interactions among doses and addition methods; however they were influenced by the time of evaluation with quadratic growth responses. Greatest means for stem diameter (87.45 mm) and number of leaves (35 plant-1) were observed at 225 days after planting. Chlorophyll contents had the highest average (37.5 SPAD) at 165 days after planting. Masses from fresh leaves, crowns and unmarketable roots were significantly influenced by the interaction among the studied factors. Highest yields of leaves and crowns (7.97 and 7.04 t ha-1) were obtained under treatments 19 SA / 19 IS and 19 SA / 1 IS, respectively, increased to 47.30 and 35.94% when compared to lowest values by treatments 6 SA / 1 IS and 6 SA / 14 IS (4.20 and 4.51 ton ha-1, respectively). Fresh mass of marketable roots was not significantly influenced by the studied factors, its highest average yield (22.08 ton ha-1) and net income (R$ 43,475.76) were attained under 19 SA / 14 IS ton ha-1 of broiler manure. Dry mass of marketable roots has not fitted to quadratic or square root models either was significantly influenced by treatments themselves, keeping an average yield of 3.72 ton ha-1. Greatest length of marketable roots (98.16 mm) was attained under 9.19 SA / 11.56 IS ton ha-1, increased to 50.37 mm compared to the smallest one using 19 SA / 1 IS. For unmarketable roots, the greatest length was 51.32 mm (10.61 SA / 10.62 IS ton ha-1) outgrowing 35.00 mm from the smallest measure (16.32 mm by using 19 SA / 1 IS). Weight losses from marketable roots (55.7%) and shoots (35.7%) were not significantly influenced by interactions among doses and addition methods of broiler manure on the soil, however they were influenced by storage period. Thus, under conditions in which the experiment was carried out, it leads to conclude that the combination among doses and addition methods of broiler manure enabled the rise productivity of marketable roots and consequent increase in gross and net income; thereby to obtain higher net income the Peruvian carrots growth should be done by adding broiler manure split as 19 ton ha-1 surface applied and 14 ton ha-1 incorporated to the soil; the roots stored under ambient conditions with high temperatures should be marketed until four days after harvest.