Diversidade e abundância de insetos visitantes florais em Glycine max (L.) merril sob diferentes sistemas de produção

Abstract

Pollination is an essential ecosystem service for food production and conservation and maintenance of biodiversity. Soybean is relevant among cultures, as it covers 129 million hectares cultivated in a global area, in addition to being cultivated under various production systems. The objective of this work is to characterize the diversity and abundance of floral visitor insects in soybean crops in three different production systems: polyculture area (area 1), monoculture area (area 2) and production area adjacent to a forest fragment. (area 3). Active collection and sampling were carried out at intervals of two to four days, and, in each evaluation, sampling was carried out for a period of two hours, by two samplers. Then, the insects were mounted on entomological pins in the laboratory, for later identification. Species richness and abundance were calculated using the Shannon and Simpson index. The similarity between the analyzed environments (Sorensen and Jaccard index) and the correlation (Pearson) between the abundance of the most common insect species with precipitation and temperature were evaluated. Hymenoptera was the order with the highest species diversity, with a total of 14 species in area 1, 15 species in area 2 and 13 species in area 3, later Coleoptera with a total of 13 species in area 1 and 11 species in areas 2 and 3 The family with the highest number of species observed (six) was Vespidae, followed by Apidae (5 species) and the most abundant species were Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758) with 818 individuals corresponding to 14.8% of the total number of individuals (area 1= 400; area 2= 196 and area 3= 222) and Lagria villosa with 421, corresponding to 7.61% of the total number of individuals (area 1= 126; area 2= 125 and area 3= 145). Areas of study 1 (Polyculture) showed greater richness and abundance of floral visitors.