Pronunciamentos dos mecanismos internacionais de direitos humanos frente aos direitos dos povos indígenas no Brasil (1996-2009): alavancas para mudanças com entraves persistentes

Abstract

This research aims to understand the dynamics of the transnational activism networks in face of the international complaints and recommendations made to Brazil regarding the rights of indigenous peoples, using the theoretical models boomerang (KECK; SIKKINK, 1998) and spiral (SIKKINK; RISSE, 1999), in addition to examining the domestic response to international pressures based on the analytical contributions of Beth Simmons (SIMMONS, 2009). The present study seeks to expose the tools available to the transnational activism networks in applying pressure and forwarding complaints concerning human rights violation scenarios. This study analyzes the functionality of the transnational networks through the boomerang and spiral effect having the Brazilian State as a target, examining how the international norms of human rights can help protect the rights of indigenous peoples. Through this research it is possible to observe that although Brazil seems to be open to international norms, when taking on commitments with international organizations, there has been an increase in recommendations made to Brazil regarding indigenous rights. Therefore, its opening proves to be ineffective, as little of the recommendations made were implemented by the State, especially the recommendations made about self-determination and land demarcation matters, which is the focus of this research.