Produtividade agroeconômica de araruta (Maranta arundinacea L.) cultivadas com diferentes densidades de plantas e camas de frango

Abstract

The objective of this research was to study the agricultural economic yield of 'Common' arrowroot plants grown on soil with different planting densities and broiler manure. The experiment was developed in the area of Medicinal Plants Garden - HPM, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD. The 'Common' arrowroot plants, cultivated with different plant spacings, were studied, being 17.5 cm (75.372 plants ha-1); 20.0 cm (66,000 ha-1 plants); 22,5 cm (58,600 plants ha-1) and 25,0 cm (52,800 plants ha-1) and with different types of broiler manure incorporated into the soil, namely: 10 t ha-1 broiler manure base rice; 10 t ha-1 broiler manure base shavings and no broiler manure (0 t ha-1). The treatments were arranged in the 4 x 3 factorial scheme, in the experimental design, randomized blocks, with four replications. During the vegetative cycle the height of the plants, diameter of the base of the lap of the plant, index SPAD and determined the numbers of leaves were measured. In the harvest were determined the productivity of fresh mass and dry mass of leaves, roots and rhizomes and the biometry of rhizomes. Estimates of production costs and gross and net revenues were determined. The height of plants, diameter of the lap of the plant and number of leaves were influenced by factor isolated epochs of evaluation. The highest SPAD index value was 43.46 at the spacing of 22.5 cm between plants at 132 DAP. The maximum accumulation of fresh leaf mass was 12.05 t ha-1 obtained using broiler manure and spacing of 21.02 cm between plants. The highest fresh root mass calculated was 7.81 t ha-1 with the use of the base broiler manure and 20.94 cm spacing between plants. The highest calculated fresh mass of rhizomes was 18.9 t ha-1 using broiler manure base shavings. For rhizome dry mass, the highest average was 18.9 t ha-1 with the use of the base broiler manure and 22.5 cm spacing between plants. The largest diameter of the rhizome was 24.72 mm, with the use of broiler manure base rice husk and spacing 17.5 cm between plants. The highest length of rhizome was 11.88 cm, obtained with the use of the rice bark base broiler manure and spacing of 17.5 cm between plants. The cultivation of the 'Common' arrow-shoots using broiler manure base Rice bark and spacing of 22.5 cm between plants provided the highest productivity (21.34 t ha-1) and the highest gross income (R$ 23,474.00) in relation to the other treatments. The highest net income was R$ 12,997.65 in treatment without the use of broiler manure and spacing of 22.5 cm between plants, higher R$ 6,189.59 in relation to the lowest value found. It was concluded that the use of different spacing between plants and types of broiler manure did not influence the growth of the arrowroot plants, the highest yield of 'Common' arrowroot was with the use of the base broiler manure and spacing 22.5 cm Between plants and the highest net income was obtained with the cultivation of the 'Common' arrowroot plants without the use of broiler manure and spacing of 22.5 cm between plants.