Arranjos de sistemas agroflorestais biodiversos para recuperação de áreas de reserva legal

Abstract

The Biodiversity Agroforestry Systems (SAFs), comprises the combination of shrubby and arboreal species with agricultural crops, the systems can be composed of species for various purposes. The adoption of the implementation of such systems has increased and with the permission of Brazilian legislation of the use of agroforestry systems in the recomposition of Legal Reserve and Permanent Preservation is of utmost importance studies demonstrating the characteristics of such systems and how much they resemble native forest environments, and whether in fact they can contribute to the recovery of degraded areas, allying preservation with income generation. In order to contribute to information on agroforestry systems, this paper aims to gather information on biodiversity agroforestry systems and their potential for area recovery and income generation, underpinning future systems deployments; to this end, two articles were drawn up. The first concerns "Diversity, structure and dynamics of arboreal species implanted in biodiversity agroforestry systems." For the realization of the article, were analyzed the floristic composition of four agroforestry systems which were divided into plots 10 m x 10 m (100m²). After this process, it was standardized 0.5 hectares (500m ²), that is, 50 plots in each agroecosystem, distributed at random. The presence of 96 species belonging to 37 families was contested, with a total of 3,766 individuals, highlighting SAFs 1 and 2 for their greater diversity; The characteristics raised demonstrate that the analyzed systems can assist in the recovery process of areas. In chapter 2 the focus is the analysis of "Arrangements of biodiversity agroforestry systems for Legal Reserve Areas, with economic viability. For composition of the arrangements were selected native species for diversity of the environment and exotic for income generation; For the assessment of economic viability, the preadsheet was used, considering a period of 20 years, the financial analysis indicated that the two arrangements of proposed SAFs proved economically viable, entertaining in the 2 System, the economic indicators presented values higher than the 1 System, being in the 1 System: VPL of R $12,12 VAE of R 1,702,08; TIR 27.66% and RB/C 1.30; already for System 2, the values were: LPV of 31.488.74; VAE of 4,348,46; 80.84% TIR and 1.50 RB/C. The pay-back time was also better for System 2, being 2 years, while for System 1 the time was 4 years. The results obtained with the two articles demonstrate that the use of agroforestry systems can be a viable measure both economically and for recovery of areas.