História do curso de magistério de Itaporã - MT/MS (1976-1996)

Abstract

This master's thesis is part of research on the history of teacher education in Brazil and, more specifically, in the history of teacher education in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul. This is an investigation inscribed in the Line of Research History of Education, Memory and Society, of the Graduate Program in Education, of the Federal University of Grande Dourados, which aims to analyze the history of the Teaching Course of the “Escola Estadual de 1º e 2º Graus de Itaporã”, located in the municipality of Itaporã-MT/MS, in the period from 1976 to 1996. The time frame is justified by two historical moments. The year 1976 marks the installation of the Teaching Course in that institution. The year 1996 corresponds to the period of enactment of the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education (LDB), Law nº 9.394/1996, which defined the obligation of higher education to work in the early years of Elementary Education, which caused the Teaching Course of Itaporã not to open new classes from the implementation of this Law and that this Course was extinct in the municipality, in the early 2000s. The research was carried out from the perspective of the New Cultural History, in dialogue, above all, with Chartier (1990), and also in the perspective of a theoretical-methodological reference resulting from the propositions of Goodson (1997; 2001) and Moreira e Silva (2001) about the curriculum, and Chervel (1990), about the history of school subjects. As sources, we used documents of an administrative, pedagogical and historical nature, such as: minutes, decrees, certificates of completion of the Teaching Course, enrollment lists, school transcripts, photographs, among others. We also used interviews with former students and former teachers of this Teaching Course. The results indicate that the Teaching Course of the Escola Estadual de 1º e 2º Graus de Itaporã was the first teacher training course created in the municipality of Itaporã, in the 1970s, as a result of Law nº 5.692/1971, instituted by the civil-law regime. military in Brazil, which proliferated the installation of professionalizing courses, at the high school level. In addition, we found that, although some male students had attended and even completed this Teaching Course, the majority of the student body was made up of women. Likewise, the majority of the teaching staff was made up of women, graduated from higher education courses, in the area in which they taught the curricular subjects. In summary, the curriculum of the Teaching Course at this School in Itaporã was based on the provisions of Law nº 5.692/1971, being divided into two parts, one consisting of a General Education/Common Core and the other part, by Special Training/Part Diversified/Preparation for Work, and marked by training with a technicist tendency, whose role for the student was to “learn to do”, a training that favored the application of the content and not a reflection on the “why” to apply this content, because the emphasis was on technique for technique’s sake, to the detriment of theoretical training. Thus, this Teaching Course qualified 508 teachers until the 1990s, mostly women, and contributed to the training of teachers in the municipality of Itaporã and region.