O processo alfabetizador da criança na perspectiva da política e da gestão educacional: política nacional de alfabetização em foco (2019-2022)

Abstract

This Master's Dissertation is linked to the Research Line "Policies and Management of Education", of the Graduate Program in Education (PPGEdu), Faculty of Education (FAED), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD). It is part of a larger Research Project entitled “School Management of the Literacy Process with a focus on Educational Policy: from national to local”. The Dissertation has as its theme “the literacy process of children in the perspective of educational policy and management”, as a research object the “National Literacy Policy (PNA)” and as an objective to analyze the direction of the policy focused on education, with the aim of focus on literacy through the analysis of the PNA, directing the gaze to the management of the child's literacy process. The time frame of the research covers the years 2019 and 2022. The PNA, starting in 2019, appears as a proposal by the MEC and is highlighted by the Federal Government as a scientific proposal in an attempt to improve the literacy process in Brazil. The research problem presents as a guiding question: “In scientific terms, what is innovative in the PNA regarding the management of the child's literacy process, which has not yet been put into practice by previous policies? As a methodological contribution, through a qualitative approach, the fundamentals of documentary research were used. The research carried out made it possible to verify that public policies aimed at children's literacy, based on the last three programs as a comparison (PNAIC, PMALFA and PNA), are government strategies, which were instituted, first, to imprint the mark of the period of management and, according to what does not differ from previous speeches, is to seek to improve the literacy level of the educational system. Therefore, in an attempt to offer a quality literacy process, the PNA presented a similarity with previous programs, which have been accentuating the decline of literacy in the country due to the process of discontinuities of educational programs. As an answer to the question that guided this research, it was found that the PNA brings in its core strategies that only aim to implement a method - the phonic, without looking at the specificities that the formation of children in their literacy process needs to materialize, such as public policy it was expected that it would face the demands of literacy, , but promote the emancipation of the subject, where he becomes the protagonist of his history, aiming to teach not only how to read and write a code , but reading the world around you. So what's innovative, imposing a method, without dialogue with the most interested parties, literacy teachers and researchers in the area.