A ascensão do populismo de direita no Brasil: uma análise do bolsonarismo no Mato Grosso do Sul

Abstract

The study starts from the following question: Is Bolsonarism a threat to democratic institutions? When analyzing the global political context, it is observed that far-right populism presents itself as a growing movement in several countries, such as Donald Trump (USA), Jair Bolsonaro (Brazil), Jean-Marie Le Pen (France), Salvini and Meloni (Italy), among others. From the hope placed in the first Workers' Party governments, to the mobilization of distrust around allegations of corruption, discontent in the 2013 protests and the 2016 impeachment. With these events, over the years there has been an increase in resentful hatred of this political class, until the 2018 presidential campaign. From then on, an extreme right-wing movement emerged, called “Bolsonarista”, which is renewed through the crisis of legitimacy and the elimination of both the thought and the political practice of the left, based on based on liberal doctrine, relying on the strength of Christian conservatism and the updating of anti-communist discourse. Therefore, this dissertation aims to examine the singularities of the state formation of Mato Grosso do Sul and how its structure impacts the political result in the presidential and federal deputy elections of 2018 and 2022. This case study is based on quantitative electoral research in each municipality in the state. The research is justified, firstly, by the relevance of this unit as one of the protagonists in the current political scenario and by considering the political and historical trajectory, constituting an interpretative model for understanding a part of the Brazilian totality. However, the state of MS managed to win against the extreme right even though in the 2022 presidential election one of the biggest center-left leaders (Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva) was in the competition. The dissertation aims to be a contribution to studies on Regionalism, Local Power and the understanding of right-wing populist political dynamics in Brazil.