Perfil de internação em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, segundo a via de parto.

Abstract

The study aimed to examine the admission profile and clinical outcomes of newborns in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), considering the mode of Parturition. For this purpose, a retrospective observational/descriptive study was conducted, approved by the Research Ethics Committee, using medical records data of newborns admitted to the NICU over a two-year period, from November 2019 to December 2021. The results revealed that the majority of newborns underwent cesarean section (68.64%) compared to vaginal Parturition (31.36%). Although no significant differences were observed between the groups regarding birth severity, it was found that the length of hospital stay was longer for those born vaginally. It was also noted that approximately 80% of newborns were exposed to oxygen therapy. The diagnostic profile at birth revealed a high prevalence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), followed by meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) in vaginal deliveries. In cesarean deliveries, there was also a prevalence of RDS, PPHN, MAS, and convulsive crises. Additionally, the main maternal comorbidities were syphilis, gestational hypertension, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Although the study did not find significant differences in respiratory profiles, birth severity, or mortality rate between the Parturition groups, the importance of strategies to reduce hospital stay and implement public health policies aiming at adequate prenatal care with lower risk for mother and baby was emphasized. These results underscore the need for an individualized approach in the choice of Parturition mode and the importance of specialized intensive care to ensure the well-being of newborns in the NICU.