Cuidados de enfermagem no período perioperatório de revascularização do miocárdio: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

Objective: To identify and map the literature on perioperative nursing care in coronary artery bypass grafting, with the aim of synthesizing the evidence on the three phases of perioperative nursing care in coronary artery bypass grafting in one place. Methodology: This is a scoping review guided by the recommendations of the Institute Reviewer’s Manual of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the PRISMA-ScR instrument, based on the following guiding question: What is in the literature about perioperative nursing care in myocardial revascularization? To this end, a protocol was constructed and registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF). The search for the study sample will take place in December 2023 and January 2024, in the following places: LILACS, PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, SciELO, Web of Science and BDENF. As grey literature, the CAPES Catalogue of Theses and Dissertations, the Portuguese Open Access Scientific Repository (RCAAP) and Google Scholar (in which the first 10 pages of the search were analyzed) will be used, resulting in 394 possible publications. Rayyan software was used to manage the selected materials, applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria established by the study. Results: The study sample consisted of 10 manuscripts. Among the main results, the following stand out: suggestions for planning nursing care for patients in the pre- and post-operative periods of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG); proposal for a nursing care model for patients in the immediate post-operative period of CABG; application of Dorothea Orem’s theoretical nursing model to individuals in the pre-operative period of CABG; pre-operative nursing care from the perspective of patients in the post-operative period of CABG; contributions of the pre-operative nursing visit (VPreOE) to patient care; implementation of preoperative nursing guidelines for cardiac surgery patients using a digital device; proposed nursing care for patients in the temporary postoperative period of CABG; characteristics of patients in the initial postoperative period (IOP) of CABG; nursing care related to pain in patients in the postoperative period of CABG; clinical event requiring nursing care and situation requiring nursing care; and main complications in the postoperative period of CABG. Final considerations: The study made it possible to identify and map the main scientific evidence on nursing care in the perioperative period of myocardial revascularization surgery, providing greater scientific support for nursing professionals and coordinating decision-making. Finally, it is important for nurses to create a bond with the patient from the moment they decide to carry out the procedure until they are discharged from hospital, and it is also essential to adopt scientifically-backed nursing procedures, such as a nursing care model.