Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O.Berg: Variabilidade química e potenciais biológicos

Abstract

There is an increasing need for alternative products that help treat illnesses. As a result, medicinal plants and their metabolites present themselves as a viable alternative for the treatment and prevention of comorbidities. In this context, Campomanesia adamantium lacks studies that evaluate its potential, since it is a species native to the cerrado, with great economic, cultural and historical value in Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant, photoprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous extracts of the leaves and stem bark of C. adamantium collected in the municipalities of Campo Grande and Dourados, as well as analyzing the variation in chemical composition and antioxidant and photoprotective potential of C. adamantium leaves in eleven municipalities in MS. Aqueous extracts of leaves and stem bark were prepared by infusion and decoction, respectively. The results obtained indicated that the leaves have a higher content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids compared to the stem barks, as well as higher biological potentials, however, the tannin content in the decoction of the stem barks was higher than that obtained for the infusion of leaves. In the DPPH assay, leafsamples showed antioxidant activity greater than 50%, while aqueous extracts of stem bark showed low inhibition activity (1 to 3.8%). The anti-inflammatory assay demonstrated that the leaves have anti-inflammatory potential. The photoprotective activity performed by the leaves was promising, classifying the respective extracts in the ANVISA category of medium protection, with FPS greater than 14, while the stem barks fall into the low protection category with FPS between 6-8. Regarding the variation in the chemical composition of the leaves in different municipalities, variability was observed in the content of secondary metabolites, resulting in variation in the antioxidant potential that ranged between 11.5-87.2%. Among the municipalities analyzed, the sample collected in the municipality of Cassilândia presented a content of 468.99mg g-1 of phenolic compounds, this being the highest, which resulted in better antioxidant and photoprotective potential. Regarding photoprotective potential, there was no significant difference in SPF between the samples. Therefore, the results of this study are promising for possible applications in multifunctional products with antioxidant and photoprotective properties, in addition to elucidating the importance of investigating the best cultivation region so that it presents the best levels of bioactive compounds andpotential.