Captura ilegal de vertebrados silvestres no Pantanal

Abstract

The capture of terrestrial vertebrates in the Pantanal is a complex issue, involving both illegal activities, such as hunting and wildlife trafficking, and traditional subsistence practices. These actions threaten biodiversity and jeopardize the ecological balance. The aim of this study was to review academic production on vertebrate capture in the Pantanal, highlighting scientific approaches and the impacts of human activities. A total of 54 publications were analyzed in databases such as Scielo, Portal de Periódicos CAPES and SpringerLink, using keywords related to the topic and a time frame from 1990 to 2023. In addition, current legislation was examined to assess its effectiveness in protecting fauna. The results indicate that illegal capture, motivated by the demand for trade and trophies, is one of the main threats to biodiversity, especially for iconic species such as the jaguar (Panthera onca Linnaeus, 1758) and the hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Latham, 1790). On the other hand, subsistence hunting, practiced by traditional communities, presents sustainability challenges in scenarios of economic or environmental crisis. The lack of distinction in legislation between predatory and subsistence hunting aggravates conflicts between conservation and cultural rights. The conclusion is that the sustainable management of fauna in the Pantanal requires integrated public policies that combine rigorous inspection, environmental education initiatives and appreciation of local traditions.