Potencial Biotecnológico enzimático de Bactérias Bioprospectadas de Solo do Cerrado

Abstract

This study explores the biological richness of the Cerrado, the second largest biome in Brazil, known for its biodiversity. The research highlights the need for conservation and biotechnological exploration of this ecosystem, threatened by human expansion and conversion into monocultures. The potential of the Cerrado in the production of enzymes to optimize industrial processes is emphasized, focusing on proteases, amylases, and xylanases. These enzymes perform essential functions in the degradation of toxic substances, effluent treatment, and environmental bioremediation, finding applications in various industries. The aim of the study was the bioprospecting of soil bacteria from the Cerrado with biotechnological potential. Soil samples were collected in Alto Garças (MS) and subjected to cultivation tests to isolate bacteria producing these enzymes. The evaluation of the enzymatic potential was carried out through the Enzymatic Index (EI). Seven enzyme-producing strains were identified, all with significant IE, and the bacteria were characterized by means of Gram staining, 3% KOH, catalase, and oxidase tests. In conclusion, the bioprospecting of bacteria from the Cerrado soil highlights the biotechnological potential of this ecosystem, reinforcing the need for preservation and the importance of exploring the properties of enzymes for industrial and environmental innovation.