Avaliação de diferentes níveis de luminosidade na produção de plantas aromáticas em sistema de aquaponia

Abstract

Aquaponics is a sustainable solution that combines aquaculture and hydroponics, forming an efficient cycle of nutrient recycling and high-quality food production. This system, by integrating fish farming and plant cultivation, is promising for combating food insecurity sustainably, especially by utilizing aromatic plants such as basil (Ocimum basilicum) and mint (Mentha spicata), widely used in culinary and alternative medicinal applications. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of aquaponics as a sustainable alternative for the production of aromatic plants, specifically mint and basil, evaluating their growth performance and medicinal properties. This study was conducted at the Itamarati Settlement in Ponta Porã/MS, using the NFT (nutrient film technique) aquaponic system to assess plant performance under different light conditions (30%, 50%, 70%, and full sunlight). Light proved to be an essential factor for plant growth, not only through its presence but also the intensity and type of shading applied. Over 47 days, intermediate light levels favored the accumulation of fresh and dry biomass, as well as positive results in root development, aerial part growth, and the production of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophylls and carotenoids. Basil stood out for its overall good performance, while mint showed greater sensitivity to light variations. The results highlighted the importance of proper light management, with intermediate shading levels being an effective strategy to optimize productivity in aquaponic systems. It is concluded that, with adjustments in management, aquaponics can be a sustainable alternative for cultivating aromatic plants, especially in family farming, requiring further studies to maximize its efficiency and viability.