Relação Parasito-Hospedeiro-Ambiente em Cultivo de tilápia do nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) em Tanques-Rede

Abstract

Aquaculture emerges as a sustainable alternative to meet the growing demand for animal proteins, balancing productivity and environmental conservation. In this context, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) stands out as the main species cultivated in Brazil, representing 65% of the national production. This study investigated the parasite- host-environment relationship in tilapia farming within cage systems at the Itamarati Settlement, MS, focusing on Monogenea parasites, valuable bioindicators for environmental monitoring. Three monthly collections were conducted, totaling 90 fish, with analyses of water physicochemical parameters and the parasitic community. Six Monogenea species were identified, totaling 374 parasites, whose abundance varied significantly across months and locations, reflecting seasonal and environmental influences. Parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and fish standard length were found to be determinants of overall parasite abundance. Species like Cichlidogyrus sclerosus and Cichlidogyrus sp. 1 exhibited generalist behavior, emerging as potential bioindicators, while Cichlidogyrus halli and Scutogyrus longicornis displayed greater independence from environmental variables, suggesting ecological specializations. The results confirm that environmental changes significantly influence the distribution and abundance of Monogenea, underscoring their relevance for environmental quality monitoring and highlighting the need for proper management in aquaculture systems to mitigate impacts and promote sustainable practices.