Mapeamento ambiental do Parque Natural Municipal do Paragem - uma análise multitemporal do uso e ocupação do solo

Abstract

Environmental diagnosis is an essential procedure for generating up-to-date information for planning, monitoring, and decision-making in the environmental management of conservation units. Among the techniques employed in the diagnosis, mapping stands out, as it contributes to the production of georeferenced information and its integration for multi-temporal analysis. Geotechnology is a rapidly developing field of knowledge that contributes to the generation of new software resources and remote sensing by UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), which aid in the production of georeferenced data applied to the management of protected areas, addressing the lack of detailed and up-to-date information suitable for conservation units. In this regard, this study aimed to produce an environmental diagnosis of Paragem Municipal Natural Park in Dourados, MS, through multi-temporal mapping of land use and land cover, with the objective of analyzing the consolidation process of the conservation unit over time. For this purpose, geoprocessing techniques were employed using Geographic Information Systems to map the park area in 2007, at the time of its establishment, using a synthetic Google Satellite image as a base. In 2023, the mapping was supported by images generated by UAVs, which allowed us to assess the evolution of land use and land cover through a comparison of mapped classes in the two analyzed periods. As a result, it was possible to obtain two series of mapping of the conservation unit, the first one consisting of a record of the area's condition in 2007, shortly after the park's establishment, and the second one (2023) reflecting the most recent stage of land use and occupancy. Comparative analysis of the period revealed a substantial increase in the "Forest Formation" and "Floodplain Grasslands" classes, with growth rates of 81.4% and 39%, respectively, while the "Secondary Vegetation" class, present in the 2007 data, was no longer identified in the 2023 mapping. It was also observed that the expansion of the "Forest Formation" occurred in the Recovery Zones. These findings indicate a consolidation process in the park's conservation conditions, with a reduction in liabilities inherited from the period prior to its establishment.