Estudo da toxicidade aguda, subaguda, genotóxica e mutagênica do extrato liofilizado das folhas da Campomanesia sessiliflora (O.Berg) Mattos em ratos Wistar

Abstract

The Brazilian Cerrado is rich in biodiversity, especially in flora, with many species used to prevent and treat diseases. It is known that empirical use alone is not enough to validate the safety of a medicinal plant. Toxicity studies are necessary to assess possible adverse effects, estimating more excellent protection for use. Campomanesia sessiliflora (O.Berg) Mattos, popularly known as guabiroba-verde, is a common species in central-west and southeastern Brazil, used and consumed by the local population, with nutritional and pharmacological properties possibly attributed to the bioactivity of metabolites. Secondary species are described in this species. This study aimed to evaluate the preclinical toxicity of C. sessiliflora in adult Wistar rats. In evaluating acute toxicity and estimation of LD50, 10 females were used, in which a dose of 2000mg/kg of lyophilized extract of C. sessiliflora leaves was administered. For the evaluation of subacute toxicity and genotoxic and mutagenic potential, 70 rats were used, 35 females and 35 males, subdivided into negative control group, positive control, satellite group, and 4 test groups at doses of 125mg/kg, 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg of a lyophilized extract of C. sessiliflora leaves, administered for 28 consecutive days. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test was used to analyze the results, considering the significance value p<0,05. The extract of leaves of Campomanesia sessiliflora (O.Berg) Mattos does not show acute and subacute in vivo toxicity detectable in changes in behavior, weight gain, and feed and water consumption. However, the biochemical responses to the intervention of the extract (uric acid, triglycerides, and hematological parameters) seem to be influenced by the sex of the animal. In addition, it was possible to report that doses greater than 500 mg/kg present some degree of genotoxicity and mutagenicity in vivo by means value of the comet and micronucleus assay, respectively.