Suplementação com probióticos em biomarcadores de pacientes com riscos cardiovasculares: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

The high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) entails considerable costs for public health agencies. Given the need for alternative means of preventing and treating CVDs and the possibility that probiotic supplementation could be a low-cost intervention in factors related to CVD risk factors, the present systematic review study, therefore, aims to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation in the modulation of risk markers for cardiovascular diseases. This study followed the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). The population included individuals with cardiovascular disease or at high risk of developing it; the Intervention included the administration of probiotics; the "Comparator" was placebo or adequate control (vehicle without probiotic); the outcome was changes in biomarkers related to CVDs; and the Study Design was Randomized Clinical Trials. The literature search was carried out in the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials bibliographic databases with studies published until July 30, 2021. Three thousand two hundred and fifty-two (3,252) studies were initially identified and after selection, 14 randomized clinical trials were included in the analysis. The evidence suggests neutral or positive effects of probiotic supplementation on the composition of the lipid profile and inflammatory markers, as well as positive effects on indirect factors related to CVDs, such as microbiota composition, anthropometry and glycemic metabolism. Due to the small number of studies, a synthesis evaluating the effect of specific strains was not possible. We hypothesize that probiotic supplementation has a beneficial asymmetry and may have a complementary therapeutic effect on CVDs, with beneficial effects on the lipid and metabolic profile, in addition to being able to positively affect inflammatory markers. The heterogeneity of the effects of strains prevents definitive conclusions and guides the need for more robust evidence on the specific role of each probiotic strain in the context of CVDs.