Associação entre padrões alimentares e sintomas depressivos na população adulta de Dourados, MS, Brasil.

Abstract

Dietary patterns identify the eating habits of a given population, suggesting the use of patterns to analyze the relationship between diet and the risk of depression, since dietary interventions can help or prevent this disease. The objective of this research was to identify dietary patterns and assess their association with symptoms of depression in the adult population of Dourados, MS, Brazil. This thesis is a cross-sectional study, using data from the population-based study entitled “Prevalence of Systemic Arterial Hypertension and Associated Factors in Adults in Dourados, MS”, carried out with 955 individuals of both sexes, aged 20 to 59 years, residents from the urban area, between 2016 and 2017. Sociodemographic data, self-assessment of health status, lifestyle, and morbidity were collected. For the determination of data referring to food consumption, the 24-hour food recall was used to later identify dietary patterns through factor analysis by principal components. Information on depressive symptoms was collected using the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Five dietary patterns were identified: traditional Brazilian, bakery, weekend, fast-food and prudent. More than half of the participants were aged between 20 and 39 years (51.8%), were women, with a level of education between 9 and 11 years, belonging to class C of the socioeconomic stratum and lived with a partner, and approximately 34% of individuals were identified with depressive symptoms in the last two weeks. The "prudent" dietary pattern in its upper tertile of consumption reduced the chance of presenting depressive symptoms by 35% in reference to the lower tertile (OR=0.65; 95%CI 0.46-0.93), after adjustment. The results suggest that high adherence to a prudent dietary pattern such as fruits, vegetables, chicken, natural juice, cereals and oilseeds may be associated with a lower chance of presenting depressive symptoms.