As posturas do Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os Direitos Humanos diante de violações emblemáticas: as gestões de Zeid Ra’ad Hussein (2014 - 2018), Michelle Bachelet (2018 - 2022) e Volker Türk (2022 - )

Abstract

This research analyzes the stances of Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein (2014–2018), Michelle Bachelet (2018–2022), and Volker Türk (2022–), three individuals who held the position of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, in response to emblematic human rights violations that occurred during their respective tenures. Drawing on bibliographic sources, reports from the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), and widely covered news, the research also examines the concept of Naming and Shaming and statements from journalists involved with the UN. Although they held the same position, Hussein, Bachelet, and Türk adopted distinct approaches. Hussein, a Jordanian prince who renounced his title, became known for his public and assertive stance toward violators. Bachelet, a physician and former President of Chile, adopted a discreet and diplomatic tone in her positions. Türk, an Austrian lawyer, balances Hussein's critical stance with Bachelet's diplomacy. The findings indicate that, although the High Commissioner exerts influence to promote the interests of the UN and human rights, major powers and funders often disregard his recommendations, challenging the organization’s structure. The research concludes that the difference between an active public stance and a discreet public voice reflects the tension between states and civil society: the active stance mobilizes social movements, while the diplomatic approach, though less popular, promotes diplomatic progress.