Políticas (anti)indigenistas: Uma breve análise dos primeiros anos dos governos Bolsonaro (2019) e Lula III (2023)

Abstract

This research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the governmental approaches toward Indigenous Peoples in Brazil during the first year of the Bolsonaro administration and the first year of Lula’s third administration. The discussion is developed through the examination of official statements, speeches, political, social, and economic actions, such as the creation and enforcement of laws and decrees, as well as adherence to international treaties, including Convention No. 169 of the International Labour Organization. Furthermore, by incorporating journalistic sources, the study seeks to ontextualize events and decisions more comprehensively. The primary objective of this research is to assess whether there were significant changes following the presidential transition and to analyze how the two presidents—Bolsonaro in 2019 and Lula in 2023—addressed this highly relevant and significant issue during their respective first years in office, a period during which presidential leadership traditionally enjoys electoral legitimacy recently conferred by the election, thereby possessing greater relative strength to implement its priorities. Regarding methodology, a literature review was employed for the development of this thesis, involving the analysis of journalistic and academic texts, including articles and books, as well as documents such as reports from governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The findings suggest notable differences between the two governments: the Bolsonaro administration adopted a more anti-Indigenist posture, expressed through prejudiced discourse and the erosion of Indigenous rights, while the Lula III administration pursued a more reconstructive and affirmative approach, although important challenges and pending actions remain.