Refugiados ambientais no Brasil no século XX

Abstract

Climate change and environmental degradation severely impact the stability of the planet, compromising the supply of essential resources for human sustenance. This has led to the creation of the category of "environmental refugees," as certain regions become uninhabitable and migratory movement increases as a direct result of these events. In this context, this study investigates the effects of environmental and climate catastrophes on migratory flows to Brazil during the period from 2010 to 2023. Initially, the relationship between forced migrations and climate change is explored, presenting the different categories of existing refugees, the discussion on environmental preservation at the international level, and the legal tools available to protect those displaced for environmental reasons. Next, the study analyzes the migratory movement towards Brazil, examining the implemented governmental policies and the role of international organizations in this process. Subsequently, the study addresses the main nationality of environmental refugees in the country, the implementation of alternative visas for reception, and an assessment of available data to estimate the quantity of this group in the national territory. Finally, the study provides a comprehensive view of the relationship between environmental impacts and migratory flows in Brazil, also considering national and international legislative changes, contributing to a deeper understanding of this complex scenario.