Curdistão - História e luta de um povo sem país

Abstract

This paper critically analyzes the historical, political, and social trajectory of the Kurdish people, highlighting their struggles for self-determination, autonomy, and international recognition. The research addresses the incorporation of Kurdistan into the Ottoman Empire, the fragmentation imposed by the Treaties of Sèvres and Lausanne, and the resistance processes in the four parts of Kurdistan — Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and Iran. The study examines key episodes such as the Kurdish uprisings in Iraq, the Anfal campaign, the Halabja massacre, the Kurdish civil war, the emergence of Rojava, and the failure of the 2017 independence referendum. Furthermore, it discusses the role of international powers, the omission of multilateral organizations, and current challenges such as hybrid wars, terrorism, forced displacement, and climate change. Finally, the paper analyzes current proposals for a solution, such as democratic confederalism, as well as the ongoing struggle for building a free, autonomous, and just future for the Kurdish nation.