Energia fotovoltaica e o desenvolvimento sustentável: Análise dos municípios de Maracaju e Dourados no contexto da ODS 7

Abstract

The 2030 Agenda, established in 2015 by the United Nations, is a global commitment between countries and society to promote sustainable development through 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SDG 7 focuses on access to clean, affordable, and renewable energy, recognizing its importance for quality of life and the advancement of other sectors such as education, health, and the economy. In Brazil, despite the widespread access to electricity in many regions, challenges remain regarding accessibility and inequality in distribution. In the municipalities of Maracaju and Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, research showed that both have adopted measures to expand the use of solar energy, but with different approaches: Maracaju has increased its use in rural areas, driven by agribusiness, while Dourados, being more urban, has seen growth in the adoption of photovoltaic systems in homes, businesses, and industries. However, the expansion of solar energy faces obstacles such as changes in legislation (Lei. 14.300/2022), outdated infrastructure, a lack of skilled professionals, and high costs. Overcoming these challenges requires investments in electrical infrastructure, incentives for domestic equipment production, more accessible financing programs, and educational initiatives to raise awareness about the benefits of solar energy.