Estimativa de Emissões de GEE na Suinocultura Brasileira: Desenvolvimento de um Protótipo de Aplicativo Baseado em ACV

Abstract

Brazilian swine farming plays a strategic role in agribusiness but is also a significant emitter of greenhouse gases (GHGs), mainly from feed production and manure management. In light of increasing sustainability demands and Brazil’s commitments under the Paris Agreement, this study aims to develop an interactive application prototype to estimate GHG emissions across the swine production chain, based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) parameters in accordance with FAO (2018) protocols and IPCC (2006/2019) guidelines. The methodology comprises: (i) adapting 13 key stages from the FAO protocol to Brazil’s conditions; (ii) building a technical GHG inventory segmented by production phase (breeding, nursery, finishing); (iii) modeling nutrient and emission flows, including nitrogen, phosphorus, volatile solids, and enteric methane; and (iv) implementing a computational tool using R Shiny with a user-friendly interface. Results show feed as the dominant emission source, and manure management as critical for CH₄ and N₂O. Scenario simulations within the application demonstrated that covered lagoon biodigesters and optimized diets significantly reduce emissions while enabling energy recovery. The study concludes that adapting global methodologies to national contexts is both feasible and essential for environmental governance in swine farming, enabling alignment with carbon markets, ESG reporting frameworks, and national mitigation policies.