Produtividade agrícola nos países do G20: análise das variáveis determinantes entre 1996 e 2022

Abstract

This study examines the factors associated with agricultural productivity in G20 countries. The objective is to assess the influence of structural and institutional variables, such as education, agricultural research and development, CO₂ emissions, forest area, and employment in the agricultural sector, on productivity levels. A panel data econometric model with Newey-West estimators is applied to annual data from the group of countries. The results of the general model indicate that CO₂ emissions and agricultural employment are statistically significant, whereas education, R&D, and forest area do not show a consistent relationship with productivity. In the model estimated for nondeveloped G20 countries, R&D becomes significant, suggesting greater sensitivity to technological investment, while forest area exhibits a negative effect. Agricultural employment remains significant in both models, indicating an association between higher rural labor participation and lower productivity levels. The findings highlight structural differences between developed and nondeveloped countries and reinforce the need to incorporate institutional, financial, and logistical factors in future analyses.