Desigualdade de gênero no mercado de trabalho brasileiro: uma revisão sistemática sobre liderança e salários

Abstract

Gender inequality in the labor market remains a reality marked by wage disparities, low female representation in leadership positions, and a higher concentration of women in precarious occupations. Despite advances in women’s educational attainment and professional participation, cultural and structural factors continue to limit the achievement of equity between men and women. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the factors influencing gender inequality in the labor market through a qualitative Systematic Literature Review (SLR), using the PRISMA protocol as the analytical method. The research was conducted using the SciELO, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, considering recent publications addressing the participation of men and women in the labor market, with an emphasis on wage inequality, access to leadership positions, labor precariousness, and intersectionalities involving gender, race, and class. The initial search yielded 200 articles, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 49 studies were selected as valid for analysis. Data systematization enabled the identification of six thematic categories: gender inequality; female leadership; labor precariousness and intersectionality; gender inequality in academic careers; racial and gender inequalities; and wage inequality. The results indicate that, although there have been advances in inclusion policies and increased female participation across various sectors, deeply rooted structural and cultural barriers continue to hinder women’s career advancement and the achievement of wage equity. Thus, gender inequality in the labor market emerges as the result of multidimensional factors, whose overcoming requires the articulation of public policies, institutional actions, and cultural transformations. Finally, the study highlights the importance of scientific production as a fundamental tool to support the formulation of public policies and organizational practices aimed at promoting gender equity and strengthening female representation in leadership spaces.