Análise de instrumentos para avaliação de famílias adotivas, acolhedoras e biológicas: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Studies on the effects of social deprivation in childhood reinforce the importance of prompt care and meeting the needs of families. There are several possibilities for assessing bonding in early childhood. However, there is a gap in systematized instruments for assessing the conditions of bonding and care of children in foster, extended or adoptive families. In this context, this dissertation seeks to analyze instruments used in studies involving conditions of care or adoption in early childhood. First, a systematic review of the literature was carried out, based on Capes journals, with the selection of complete articles, peer-reviewed, between January 2018 and July 2024, in English and Portuguese, with the sets of descriptors and Boolean operators: 1) (bond OR attachment OR bond*); AND 2) (child OR child OR toddler OR baby); AND 3) (evaluation OR instrument OR inventory OR questionnaire OR scale OR assessment OR instrument OR inventory OR scale OR survey); ANDA 4) (adoption OR foster family OR adoption OR shelter). A total of 152 studies were found. As an inclusion criterion, the studies should indicate standardized instruments for an audience of adults with children up to six years old, which led to 26 studies for analysis, with 37 different instruments. The studies were described in relation to the period of publication, with the highest number of publications in the year 2022, regarding the place of realization, evidencing a worldwide concern of researchers, with a greater number of European studies, few studies in South America (only one Brazilian) and an absence of studies in the African continent. Observou-se também um maior número de instrumentos voltados à avaliação do comportamento do adulto (29) que da criança (8). The analysis of the instruments made it possible to identify that 31% investigated issues about bonding and adaptive behaviors, 31% presented themes that still require the construction of standardized instruments, such as: Parenting and co-parenting, Feelings and expectations about adoption, Motherhood/fatherhood; and 38% dealt with specific topics that already have standardized instruments: Marital Relationship, Emotional Health, Responsiveness, and Racial Issues. Among the instruments used only with biological families, there is a need to adapt them to the needs of adoptive families. The review indicates the need for instruments that enable mutual assessment, with sensitive instruments adapted to the reality of families, which could contribute to the planning of effective interventions.