Proposta didática para o ensino do Espectro Eletromagnético: Aprendizagem colaborativa na perspectiva de Vygotsky com Jigsaw e gamificação

Abstract

The internalization and retention of knowledge represent a particularly great challenge in Physics teaching in middle and high schools. In this context, the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) establishes guidelines aimed at ensuring essential learning. Among its directives, the contextualization of content, the use of dynamic and collaborative strategies, the application of diversified methodologies, student engagement, and the use of didactic and technological resources stand out. Therefore, it is essential that teaching methods encourage students to actively construct knowledge. Given this, the present study aimed to develop an educational product that promotes the study of the electromagnetic spectrum through the BNCC’s directives. The work is theoretically based on Lev Vygotsky’s socio-interactionist perspective, using active methodology and gamifica tion as catalysts for learning. The research was conducted in a State School located in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, with a class of the 3rd year of High School. The methodology used consisted of applying the Jigsaw technique (Cooperative Learning) for the in-depth study of the different spectrum bands properties and the consolidation of knowledge through memory games and quizzes. The main objective was to promote a better understanding of electromagnetic radiation, encouraging critical thinking, team problem--solving, and the practical application of theoretical concepts. The results indicating a possible improvement in the internalization and retention of knowledge, highlighting the potential of games as a valuable pedagogical tool to overcome the abstraction barriers in the learning of physics concepts.