Épocas de semeadura de trigo para expressão do maior potencial agronômico

Abstract

The state of Mato Grosso do Sul has potential for expanding triticulture. Understanding the phytotechnical behavior of agricultural crops for the region is necessary for better positioning of cultivars. The aim of this study was to present a phytotechnical analysis of wheat cultivars at sowing times in the south of Mato Grosso do Sul, establishing the factors that have the greatest impact on crop development, in order to identify the period that offers the best environmental conditions for expressing production potential. The experiment was carried out over two agricultural years (2022 and 2023), with 4 sowing seasons (1st and 2nd half of April, 1st and 2nd half of May) and 2 wheat cultivars (TBIO Ponteiro and IPR Catuara), totaling 32 experimental plots. The following were evaluated: date of emergence, beginning of tillering, flowering, maturity and phytotechnical variables: plant height, number of ears per meter, number of spikelets per ear, number of grains per spikelet, number of grains per ear, mass of grains per ear and yield. The data was subjected to analysis of variance and the Tukey test for comparing means (p>0.05). The results showed an interaction between cultivar and sowing time in 2022 for all the variables studied. In 2023, there was no interaction in the following variables: plant height and spikelets per plant. It was concluded that the first sowing season (1st half of April) was more favorable for sowing wheat in the south of Mato Grosso do Sul.