Atividades plugadas para o ensino do pensamento computacional: uma abordagem taxonômica alinhada à BNCC

Abstract

This paper addresses the development of a taxonomy aimed at teaching Computational Thinking in Basic Education, in alignment with the guidelines of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC). Given the growing relevance of Computational Thinking in the formation of cognitive and technical skills, this research aims to fill gaps related to the lack of specific teaching materials for teaching computing. The methodology includes a Systematic Literature Review, documentary research in the BNCC and content analysis of educational websites and articles to identify the main plug-in tools used in education, such as Scratch and Python, and their applications. To structure this process effectively, according to Pressman (2009), there are seven steps to carry out Requirements Engineering. The scope of this paper includes the first two steps, which are: conception, which aims to establish an initial understanding of the problem, identifying the stakeholders and the nature of the desired solution, identifying the objectives, functionalities and needs required by users. The taxonomy created classifies plug-in activities based on the skills defined by the BNCC, organizing them in a hierarchical and progressive manner, from the first years of elementary school to high school. The results indicate that this structure facilitates the learning of concepts of abstraction, algorithms, problem decomposition, and pattern recognition, promoting the gradual development of computational skills. The proposal of this work contributes to Requirements Engineering by systematically organizing the activities, helping educators in the selection of pedagogical practices aligned with the objectives of the BNCC, in addition to providing a structured basis for developers interested in creating new resources and teaching materials aimed at teaching Computational Thinking. In this way, the work provides students with a more appropriate education for the challenges of the digital age.